For more than a century, Howden has supplied ventilation systems and equipment to every major mining company globally, from frozen sites in the Arctic and the hottest nations in Africa to some of the deepest mines on the planet.
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Then, Howden is one of the best-known and most respected companies providing mine ventilation systems and solutions. No matter the type of mine (coal, mineral, or base metal), Howden technology offers superior ventilation performance.
Total Mine Ventilation Solutions (TMVS) is the one-stop-shop of a fully flexible, integrated suite of expertise, products, and services that provide efficiency and safety across your mine operations.
With a range of temperature control options, we apply a flexible and effective approach to mine cooling to suit your specific conditions. We offer screw compressor packages for ammonia chillers, bulk air coolers with unique counter-flow design and portable, skid mounted cooling units for underground or surface use.
Our heaters are capable of burning everything from natural gas and propane to waste oil. premium efficiency, serviceability, and low emissions are key to the design of a mine shaft heating system. We ensure every heater is designed to operate safely and effectively in the toughest environments.
Our Ventsim DESIGN software is the ultimate 3D mine ventilation design solution. It allows you to create a 3D model of your tunnels, shafts and raises using your existing 3D mine drawings. You can also simulate and animate air flow and fan behaviour in real time and analyse mine ventilation within a rich and dynamic visual environment. Various colours indicate over 70 different data types including air flow, velocity, pressure, temperature, contaminants and costs.
Ventsim CONTROL allows you to operate on a fully automated and optimised mine ventilation solution, including Ventilation-On-Demand, based on vehicle and personnel presence. The system enables the mine to better manage your ventilation for improved production, blast-clearing times, energy savings, and, most importantly, increased safety for underground workers.
Abstract Mining is a risky activity, the risk factor increases exponentially when it comes to underground mine. Working conditions in underground coal mines are much more dangerous than in underground metal mines, as it incorporates the risk of roof fall due to soft strata and the hazardous gases that may be present in an influential quantity that can have physiological effects on the human body and can even be lethal. Timely Detection of these hazardous gases is a major challenge and needs to be followed for the safety of the miners present in the mine. In this paper we have discussed about different gases and their effects; we have proposed to create a mine gas detection system that will consist of gas detecting sensors, a wireless network provider and a microcontroller. MQ-4 and MQ-7 will be used for the detection of CH4 and CO respectively. These sensors will be connected to Arduino board which will be connected to an LCD display that will regularly show the percentage of CH4 and CO. The wireless network will be provided by using Zigbee wireless network. In this paper we have also discussed the places in the mine where the sensors will be installed and the steps that has to be taken by the required professional once the gas has been detected.
An underground mining operation proves to be a risky venture as far as the safety and health of workers are concerned. These risks are due to different techniques used for extracting different minerals. The deeper the mine, the greater is the risk. These safety issues are of grave concern especially in case of coal industries. Thus, safety of workers should always be of major consideration in any form of mining, whether it is coal or any other minerals. Underground coal mining involves a higher risk than open pit mining due to the problems of ventilation and potential for collapse. However, the utilization of heavy machinery and the methods performed during excavations result into safety risks in all types of mining. Modern mines often implement several safety procedures, education and training for workers, health and safety standards, which lead to substantial improvements in safety, level both in opencast and underground mining.
A worker in a mine should be able to work under conditions which are safe and healthy for his body. At the same time the environmental conditions should be such as will not impair his working efficiency. This is possible if mine air is nearly the same as on the surface without toxic and inflammable gases.
The gases are the present in the underground mines are flammable gas (CH4), Noxious gases (NO2, NO3, N2O5), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Carbon Dioxide (CO2). Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2). The permissible limit set for these gases are as follows
Different gases that are present in the mine have different effects on the human body and can also cause explosion if reaches above a certain limit. The effects of some of the harmful gases are as follows:-
Methane This is the gas which is responsible for most of the underground mine explosions. It forms a layer just below the roof of the mine. The gas is not poisonous but can suffocate a person due to lack of oxygen[2].
In the earlier days for the gas detection the warm blooded birds like munia were commonly used as they as they are affected much earlier than man by CO. such birds forms essential equipment for the rescue party enterning into the mines after an explosion or fire. With 0.15% of CO present in the air a bird shows distress (ruffing of feathers, pronounced chirping and loss of liveliness) in 3 minutes and fall of the perch in 18 minutes. With 0.3% CO the bird shows almost immediate distress and fall of its perch in 2-3 minutes. Immediate signs of distress are not likely to be observed on birds when exposed to only 0.1% CO.
TABLE-1 (In the above table the sources and the explosives limits of the common gases that are found in the mine are shown)[4]Coal has always been the primary resource of energy in India, which has significantly contributed to the rapid industrial development of the country. About 70% of the power generation is dependent on it. Thus, the importance of coal in energy sector is indispensable. But the production brings with it the other byproducts, which proves to be a potential threat to the environment and the people associated with it. Present work is a sincere attempt in analyzing the graveness and designing a Gas Monitoring system of detection by using the Zigbee technology.
A wired communication system inside underground mines is not effective, efficient, economic and reliable. Due to unexpected roof fall at any moment the entire communication system of the total network may collapse. Effective communication is critical to the success of response and rescue operations; however, unreliable operation of communication systems in high-stress environments is a significant obstacle to achieving this. To improve security, protection and productivity in underground mines, a consistent communication system must be established btween personnel, working in the premises of underground mine, and the control room. A wireless communication system is must for the safety point of view of the personal working inside the underground mines. Therefore a fast, accurate, flexible, and reliable Zigbee Wireless network technology is used in our work[3].
These type of detectors are filled with some chemicals and changes the color according to the concentration of a particular gas present in the atmosphere. Later the color of the tube is matched with the chart and the percentage of the harmful gases can be determined. Eg- P.S detector, Hoolamite detector, Dragermultigas detector.
Many companies have now started producing automatic detectors which tells the exact concentration of the gases present in the mine environment, these devices are able to detect even a very small amount of gas percentage. some of the leading companies that manufactures these kind of devices are EMCOR, M.S.A Ltd. , Uptron etc. these gas detecting devices are also featured with adjustable probe in order to take the readings from the roof. E.g.- Automatic fire damp detector, Interference methanometer, memacs I etc.
These sensors are used in the chemical plants to detect the gas leakages. These sensors have now started to find application in the underground mines for the continous monitoring of the harmful gases. Eg- MQ4, MQ7. 2ff7e9595c
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