The production of sporophytes from P. vittata callus is an opportunity to investigate the genetic and morphological characteristics of prothalli during life cycle changes in pteridophytes. Histology of P. vittata rhizome callus has previously revealed distinct nodules of meristematic cells that gave rise to shoots, roots, or both, depending on concentrations of sugar and 2,4-D present in the medium [15]. In our experiments, P. vittata callus tissue was also comprised of cell clusters that differentiated into sporophytes. This type of callus most closely resembles embyrogenic callus of monocots and dicots, however, no secondary embyrogenesis deriving from single cells was observed in this work. Apogamous sporophyte production from gametophytes has been suggested as a strategy to continue fern life cycle either during dry environmental conditions that would not allow sperm motility or as a way for polyploid species to forgo mispaired chromosomes during meiosis. As regenerated sporophytes in this work produced spores and had no abnormal physiology they likely resulted from the natural apogamy life cycle during tissue culture [32].
Apospory In Pteridophytes Pdf Download
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